বিষন্নতায় আত্মহত্যার ঝুঁকি
সারা বিশ্বে আত্মহত্যা-প্রবণতা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ এক সামাজিক ও জনস্বাস্থ্য সমস্যা হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। আত্মহত্যা মানে শুধু ওই ব্যক্তির জীবনাবসানই নয়। পরিবার ও সমাজে এর সুদূরপ্রসারী বিরূপ মানসিক ও সামাজিক প্রতিক্রিয়া থেকে যায়। এছাড়া আত্মহত্যা এবং আত্মহত্যা প্রচেষ্টার সঙ্গে সংশ্লিষ্ট পারিবারিক ও রাষ্ট্রীয় অর্থনৈতিক ক্ষতির ব্যাপারটিও সামান্য নয়।
আত্মহত্যাপ্রবণ মানুষের ওপর গবেষণা চালিয়ে দেখা গেছে, তাদের প্রায় অর্ধেকই জীবনে কোনো না কোনো সময়ে মানসিক রোগাক্রান্ত ছিলেন বা আছেন। আর আত্মহত্যায় মারা যাওয়া ব্যক্তিদের ৯০ শতাংশই আত্মহত্যার সময়কালে অথবা তার আগে কোনো না কোনো মানসিক রোগে আক্রান্ত ছিলেন।
আত্মহত্যার জন্য অন্যতম ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ মানসিক রোগটি হচ্ছে বিষন্নতা। এছাড়া জটিল মানসিক রোগ সিজোফ্রেনিয়া এবং কিছু ব্যক্তিত্ব বৈকল্য বা পারসোনালিটি ডিসঅর্ডারে আক্রান্তরাও অন্যদের তুলনায় অনেক বেশি আত্মহত্যাপ্রবণ হয়ে থাকেন। মাদকাসক্তি আত্মহত্যার জন্য অন্যতম ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ বিষয়।
হঠাৎ কোনো মানসিক চাপে পড়লে বা জীবনে কোনো দুর্ঘটনা ঘটলে অনেকে এর সঙ্গে খাপ খাইয়ে নিতে পারেন না। কোনো পরিকল্পনা বা দীর্ঘমেয়াদি আত্মহত্যা-প্রবণতা ছাড়াই হুট করে অনেকে আত্মহত্যা করে বসতে পারেন এমন কোনো চাপের মধ্যে পড়লে।
পরীক্ষায় অকৃতকার্যতা, প্রেমে ব্যর্থতা, অর্থনৈতিক ক্ষতি, বাবা-মায়ের ওপর অভিমান— এসবের ফলে এমন হঠাৎ দুর্ঘটনা ঘটে যেতে পারে। যারা আগে থেকেই অন্য কোনো মানসিক রোগে আক্রান্ত অথবা মানসিক চাপে মানিয়ে নেয়ার দক্ষতা কম, তাদের ক্ষেত্রে এ ধরনের ঘটনা ঘটার ঝুঁকি বেশি। ডিভোর্সি বা বিপত্নীক-বিধবা, বেকার, দীর্ঘমেয়াদি বা দুরারোগ্য শারীরিক রোগে আক্রান্ত ব্যক্তিদেরও আত্মহত্যার ঝুঁকি অন্যদের চেয়ে বেশি। শারীরিক-মানসিক বা যৌন নির্যাতনের শিকার ব্যক্তিরাও আত্মহত্যাপ্রবণ হয়ে থাকেন বেশি।
চিকিৎসক ও গবেষকরা বলছেন, এসব আত্মহত্যার অধিকাংশই প্রতিরোধযোগ্য। আত্মহত্যাপ্রবণ ব্যক্তি প্রকাশ্যে বা ইঙ্গিতে কোনো না কোনোভাবে তার অন্তর্গত ইচ্ছার কথা ব্যক্ত করেন কারও কাছে— মা-বাবা, আত্মীয়-বন্ধু বা চিকিৎসকের কাছে। কেউ যদি আত্মহত্যার কথা ব্যক্ত করেন, তবে তা গুরুত্বের সঙ্গে নিতে হবে। তার সমস্যার জায়গাটা চিহ্নিত করে তাকে সেভাবে সহযোগিতা করার চেষ্টা করতে হবে।
মানসিক সমস্যায় আক্রান্ত হলে যথাযথ চিকিৎসার ব্যবস্থা করতে হবে। আত্মহত্যা চেষ্টায় ব্যর্থ হয়ে বেঁচে যাওয়া ব্যক্তিদের করুণার চোখে না দেখে, তিরস্কার ও খোঁচা দিয়ে কথা না বলে তার প্রতি সহযোগিতার হাত বাড়িয়ে দিতে হবে। যাদের মানসিক চাপ মানিয়ে নেয়ার ক্ষমতা কম, তাদের যথোপযুক্ত কাউন্সেলিংয়ের মাধ্যমে, প্রশিক্ষণের মাধ্যমে দক্ষ করে তুলতে হবে। আত্মহত্যার মাধ্যম যেমন কীটনাশক প্রভৃতির সহজলভ্যতা কমাতে হবে। চিকিৎসকের ব্যবস্থাপত্র ছাড়া ওষুধ বিক্রি বন্ধ করতে হবে।
মাদকদ্রব্যের ব্যবহার বন্ধ করতে হবে। ধর্মীয় ও সামাজিক সুস্থ রীতিনীতির চর্চা করতে হবে। সামাজিক সুস্থ, সুন্দর সম্পর্ক লালন করতে হবে, পারিবারিক বন্ধন সুদৃঢ় করতে হবে। আত্মহত্যা প্রতিরোধ করতে চাইলে এর জন্য ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ বিষয়গুলোর দিকে যেমন মনোযোগ দিতে হবে, তেমনি রক্ষাকারী বিষয়গুলোর প্রতিও গুরুত্ব দিতে হবে।
ডা. মুনতাসীর মারুফ মানসিক রোগ বিশেষজ্ঞ জাতীয় মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য ইনস্টিটিউট ০১৭১১৩৩৯৫১৬
[…] বিষন্নতায় আত্মহত্যার ঝুঁকি […]
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